“走近兵马俑 修复专家破解谜团”直播脚本

    第一部分 开场

    大家好，这里是Discover China直播节目。我是苏钰婷，我现在所在的地方是陕西西安市兵马俑博物馆。这里被称作是世界上最大的古代军事博物馆，还有人称它为“世界第八大奇迹”。兵马俑在全世界有着众多粉丝。每年有约500万人次来这里参观。今天我们有机会下到俑坑中，走到他们身边，所以一定不要错过今天的直播。请把有关兵马俑的问题发到评论区，我们将会有选择地进行解答。这里埋葬了一支陶俑组成的军队，在2000多年前随着中国第一个皇帝埋入地下。2000多年后被人发现，它的恢宏气势依然让人叹为观止。今天，我们一起来走近这些陶俑，走近这支军队，听听远古的故事。

    Hello everyone, thank you for watching the Discover China live-stream. I'm Su Yuting. I'm at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi. This museum is the largest ancient military museum in the world. Some even regard the mausoleum as the 8th Wonder of the World. The Terracotta Army has visitors from around the world, with 5 million people coming here to visit every year. Today we have the permission to go down into the pit to have a closer look at the warriors, so make sure you don't miss our show. If you have any questions, write them below, and we'll answer some of them during the live-stream. An army of terracotta statues was buried here more than 2000 years ago to accompany the first emperor of China. It is still a breathtaking sight even after all these years. Today we have the chance to take a closer look at the Terracotta Army and discover the ancient stories they have to tell. "

    第二部分：历史背景

    是谁制作了这些陶俑？为什么他们会被制作并埋入地下？这里需要我们先了解一个人：秦始皇。秦始皇，他是中国历史上的第一个皇帝。他在公元前221年消灭中原其他六国，第一次统一了中国，使中国在之后能够成为中国。你一定听说过长城，那是他的杰作，为抵御北方民族的入侵，他创造了这道著名的军事防御工事。秦始皇给自己建造了一个巨大的地下宫殿作为他的陵墓，面积相当于78个足球场。据史料记载，当时有70万人参与修建，耗时39年，到他去世时还没有竣工。

    Who made these pottery statues? Why were they created and buried underground? To answer these questions, we need to start with one particular person: Qinshihuang. Qinshihuang was the first emperor of China. In 221 BC he conquered the other six kingdoms to form a united China for the first time, forging the template for modern China. You must have heard of the Great Wall; that was his work too. To protect his kingdom against invasions from the north, he made the famous defensive barrier. Qinshihuang built himself a massive underground palace as his tomb. The tomb is as large as 78 football pitches. According to historical records, 700 thousand people spent 39 years building the tomb. It was not completed even by the time the emperor died.

    兵马俑则是他陵墓的一部分，也就是他的殉葬品，似乎是为了在他死后可以继续统领军队，震慑四方。事实上，据历史记载，中国人早已知道规模宏大的秦始皇陵就在这附近，但是有关兵马俑却没有任何历史记载，似乎并不希望被发现。直到1974年，也就是2000多年后，当地的一位农民在挖井时，发现一颗陶制的头颅。之后经过考古学家的挖掘，直到1979年兵马俑才真正面世。稍后我们会走进兵马俑的修复区，看看他们刚刚被挖掘出土的样子。你认为他们出土时是否完整，是否有颜色？在评论区留下你的答案。我们稍后为大家揭晓。

    The Terracotta Army is a part of this necropolis. These warriors were buried with the emperor so that he could continue his rule in the afterlife. Chinese have known for long that Qinshihuang was buried here, but there was no record of the Terracotta Army. It looks like the army did not want to be found. This remained the case for more than 2,000 years, until the year of 1974, when a farmer digging a well found the head of a terracotta soldier. Archaeologists began excavating. In 1979, the Terracotta Army was introduced to the world. Later we will take you to the restoration site of the museum to see what the terracotta statues looked like when they were just excavated. Were they intact? Were they colorful? Leave your answers in the comment section. We will unravel the mystery later.

    第三部分：现状及特写

    博物馆在秦始皇陵墓东侧约1.5公里处，先后发现一、二、三号三个坑。现在我们所在的位置是一号坑，是首先被发现的，也是最大的一个。一号坑有近6000名兵马俑就列阵于此，其中，已挖掘出的陶俑有1000多个。这些士兵排列整齐，是一个以战车和步兵相间的主力军阵。这支公元前三世纪的军队仍然保持着战斗队形。面向东方，那是秦始皇率军一统中原的方向。

    The museum is located about 1.5 kilometers east of Qinshihuang’s tomb. Three pits have been found here. We are now at Pit 1. It is the largest of the three and was the first to be discovered. Pit 1 contains almost 8000 (some say 6000) clay soldiers, more than 1,000 of which have been excavated. These soldiers, arranged in neat rows, are the main force, containing both war chariots and infantry. This third-century BC army is still standing in precise battle formation. They are all looking towards the east, which is the direction in which Qinshihuang led the army as he unified the country.

    这些陶俑真人大小，一般在1.8米左右，重180公斤左右。现在，我们走近这些陶俑，要知道只有vip客户才能获准近距离地观察他们。这些兵马俑是以现实为基础手工塑造的。他们有的身披铠甲，手持兵器；有的腰束革带，腿扎裹鞋。从他们的装束和手势就可以判断出是官还是兵，是步兵还是骑兵。每个陶俑都不一样，从装束、手势到五官、发式、面部表情都各有差异。头部的雕饰重点是五官和胡须，甚至细节刻画到发丝。你几乎找不到两个完全相同的面容。到底多少工匠参与到陶俑雕塑中我们不得而知。但是一些陶俑身上比较隐蔽的部位刻有陶工的名字，这样留下名字的陶工共有80多个。

    Each of the life-sized terracotta soldiers is about 1.8 meters tall and weighs around 180 kilos. Now, let’s have a face-to-face encounter with these terracotta soldiers. To be this close to these statues is really a privilege. The soldiers are handcrafted to resemble real persons. Some of the soldiers wear armor and hold weapons; some wear leather belts and closed shoes. You can tell a terracotta warrior’s identity from his uniform and gesture, whether he is an officer or soldier, infantry or cavalry. Every individual is different. They have different uniforms, gestures, faces, hairstyles and expressions. While making the head, the artisans put emphasis on the face and beard. You can even see details of each individual hair. There are hardly two identical faces here. We don’t know how many artisans participated in building the Terracotta Army. But we found over 80 names of the artisans in the most hidden places of some statues.

    第四部分：趣闻及传说

    关于兵马俑有很多趣事和传说，这里和大家一起分享。全世界都有兵马俑的忠实粉丝，甚至有的近乎狂热。2006年，一位痴迷兵马俑的德国小伙子，穿上亲手制作的兵马俑盔甲混入兵马俑当中，引起游客不小的骚动。接到报警后警察来到现场，经过一番搜查，才发现兵马俑中有一双眼睛会动。我们看当时的新闻图片，你能辨认出他吗？被警察带走的时候还固执地保持着兵俑的姿态。因为并没有破坏文物，他只受到了口头警告。还有个传说更加具有神秘色彩——千人千面的兵马俑，是用真人做的？

    There are many legends and interesting stories about the Terracotta Army that I would like to share with you. The terracotta warriors have a lot of fans, and some of them are fanatic. In 2006, a German obsessed with the Terracotta Army jumped in the pit and pretended to be one of the warriors with his home-made terracotta warrior costume. His antics caused uproar among other visitors. The police came to the site and searched the troops. They found a sculpture with moving eyes, and took the man out. We can see from the news photos at the time that he kept still when taken away by the police. Because the man did not harm the relics, he was let off with just a warning. There is another mysterious legend: is it true that the vivid sculptures were actually made of humans?

    在历史上，人殉这种残酷的制度的确存在，在殷商时期最为兴盛，不过这一习俗慢慢废除，到秦代出现俑代替人来殉葬。但是到底有没有真的由人烧制成的陶俑，至今还没有定论。你认为呢？跟我们分享你的想法和问题。我们不妨去问问负责兵俑修复的考古工作者。

    Ruthless human sacrifices did indeed exist in history, especially during the earlier Yinshang period. But cruel rituals had gradually faded out by the Qin dynasty, when statues were buried instead of humans. However, it is not concluded whether there are any sculptures made of real humans. What do you think? Share your questions and we'll ask the archaeologists repairing the statues.

    第五部分：修复工作

    这里就是修复团队每天工作的地方。修复人员们在开始拼接之前都会将发掘出来的兵马俑碎片提前分好类，按照与兵马俑身体上与之相匹配的部分排列好。但是即使是这样，一天能够找到3片到5片与破碎的兵马俑相吻合的碎片就算是不错的成绩。

    This is where the restoration team works. The restoration team sorts out the excavated warrior pieces before joining them together. The pieces are lined up based on where they belong. But even with all the preparatory work, the team feels lucky if they can find 3 to 5 matching pieces a day.

    新出土的兵马俑都是破碎的吗？ 您正在修复哪一部位？完全拼接好一个兵马俑需要多长时间？

    Were all the statues broken when excavated? Which body part are you working on currently? How long does it take to put together a warrior or a horse?

    第六部分：互动问答

    我们来看看大家在评论中留下了哪些问题。 Let’s see the questions we have in the comment box.

    兵马俑有彩色的吗？兵马俑原本是彩色的，但由于埋在地下时间久远，颜料与空气接触氧化脱落。有一些较为完好兵马俑身上还能看到斑驳的颜色。

    Is there any color on the sculptures? (Answer: Originally the Terracotta warriors were painted in bright colors. But after being buried so long, their exposure to air caused the paint to dry and flake. Some better preserved warriors still have mottled color to them.)"

    兵马俑是怎么做成的？兵马俑主体的原料是黄色黏土，采用陶冶烧制的方法制成。身体的各部分有的先烧后接，有的先接再烧。每一道工序中，都有不同的分工，都有一套严格的工作系统。每一个制作需要2-3个月的时间

    How was the Terracotta Army made? (Answer: The terracotta warriors were sculpted mainly from yellow clay and then fired in furnaces. Some body parts were assembled after being fired, some were put together first and then fired as one solid piece. There were different divisions of labor as well as a strict working system for each process. It took 2 to 3 months to build one statue.)

    兵马俑价值多少钱？兵马俑作为国宝级文物，不能买卖，但是每次对外展出前都将进行保价，并将估价报送给国外博物馆。一件兵马俑的估价至少在几百万美元，最贵的保价高达一亿一千万RMB。

    How much is the Terracotta Army worth? (Answer: The Terracotta Army is a national treasure that cannot be bought or sold. But each sculpture will be insured before being loaned out for exhibitions, and the corresponding foreign museum will be informed with the appraised price. Each individual warrior is valued at a minimum of several million dollars, with the highest valuation reaching 110 million RMB.)

    古代秦朝的士兵真的有这么高吗？根据对秦代考古的人骨来看，平均身高不超过1.7米，实际上兵马俑是做了艺术的夸大，表现军队的威武气势。"

    Were soldiers in the Qin Dynasty really as tall as the terracotta warriors? (Answer: Based on the excavated human skeletons of the Qin Dynasty, the average height of the Qin people was no more than 1.7 meters. The height of the terracotta warriors was actually exaggerated to present a powerful image of the army.

    结尾

    今天我们走近了2000年前的历史现场，相信你跟我一样感到震撼。希望你喜欢我们今天的节目。下一站你想要去哪看看，请告诉我们。谢谢收看，下次再见。

    Today we walked through a historical site dating back 2,000 years. I'm sure you're just as amazed as I am by this archaeological wonder. We hope you enjoyed our program. Tell us where you want to visit next time, and see you then.