论附条件不起诉制度

    摘 要

    我国立法机关借鉴了起诉便宜主义和自由裁量司法主义的合理内涵，本着犯罪嫌疑人最小负担原则，拟建立完善的不起诉制度，缓解日益繁重的司法机关的工作压力，实现程序分流，保护未成年人的成长状况。综合各国情况，三种立法模式主要包括重整式、阶梯式和交叉式，而我国的立法机关采取的是交叉式的未成年人附条件不起诉制度的立法模式。犯有轻微罪刑的未成年人，检察机关可以针对其具结悔过的状况，保留对其提起诉讼的权利，并给予其一定时间的考验期执行附随性义务，如无违反，将永久性放弃追诉的权利。未成年人附条件不起诉制度是我国对酌定不起诉的扩充和附条件考察形式的初探，具有很强的时代特征和创新性。然而，个体适用差异、经济较发达地区流动人口适用率低和检察官作出决定过于受限等弊端初露，需要建立新的制约裁量机制和具体程序规范，未成年人附条件不起诉制度尚有广阔的发展前景。

    关键词：附条件不起诉制度，自由裁量，预防，诉讼经济效益

    ABSTRACT

    The legislature in China use doctrine of free evaluation and doctrine of liberal discretionary for reference, complying the principle of least burden for a suspect, to release the severer working pressure for judicial authorities by establishing all-round non-prosecution system, proceeding to procedural diversion and finally to protect the growth of juveniles. Considering all circumstances in diverse countries, the three legislative modes conclude reforming type, staged type and the crossed type. Thus, our legislature adopted a crossed mode for juvenile conditional non-prosecution system. Procuratorial authorities reserve the right to prosecute juveniles who committed slight crimes regarding his actions of repentance. They give teenagers a certain period of time called test period to comply with their incidental duties, which once not violated, they abandoned the right to prosecute ever after. Juvenile conditional non-prosecution system enlarges discretional non-prosecution and the first exploration conditional investigation form with strong present feature and creativity. However, disadvantages such as individual differences, adopted rates low of floating population in developed areas, exceeding restrictions for procurators’ decisions come to expose primarily. New restriction mechanism and specific procedural regulations should be formulated. Conditional non-prosecution system has a broad and bright future to go.

    KEY WORDS: conditional non-prosecution system, free evaluation, prevention, economic benefits of lawsuit

    目 录

    摘 要 1

    ABSTRACT 2

    第1章 导论 5

    1.1研究背景 5

    1.2研究内容 5

    1.3研究意义 6

    第2章 附条件不起诉制度的域外考察 8

    2.1附条件不起诉制度兴起的原因：国际盛行思想的变化 8

    2.1.1起诉便宜主义的兴起 8

    2.1.2对未成年人的保护得到重视 8

    2.1.3轻刑化和少刑罚化思想的传播 8

    2.1.4诉讼和解精神的发展 9

    2.2域外及我国澳门地区不起诉制度的规定 9

    2.2.1美国的不起诉制度 9

    2.2.2德国的不起诉制度 9

    2.2.3日本的不起诉制度 10

    2.2.4澳门的不起诉制度 10

    第3章 附条件不起诉制度的基本原理和构造 11

    3.1附条件不起诉制度的基本原理 11

    3.1.1预防的特殊政策理论 11

    3.1.2三种立法模式的考量 11

    3.1.3必要性和正当性 12

    3.2附条件不起诉制度的基本构造 13

    3.2.1未成年人附条件不起诉制度的适用条件 13

    3.2.2未成年人附条件不起诉制度作出的程序 13

    3.2.3未成年人附条件不起诉制度的考察机制 14

    3.2.4未成年人附条件不起诉制度的终局结果 16

    第4章 我国未成年人附条件不起诉制度存在的问题和改革建议 17

    4.1 我国未成年人附条件不起诉制度存在的问题 17

    4.1.1我国检察机关不起诉适用率低 17

    4.1.2全国各地区性差异导致适用不公平 17

    4.1.3我国未成年人适用情况个体差异 17

    4.1.4提高了我国未成年人被起诉的风险 18

    4.2关于未成年人附条件不起诉制度的改革建议 18

    4.2.1建立裁量权制约机制 18

    4.2.2将附条件不起诉制度的具体规定规范化 19

    参 考 文 献 20