Backgrounder: Winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry since 2003

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- The following is a list of winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry since 2003:

2013: Martin Karplus (U.S. and Austria), Michael Levitt (U.S., UK and Israel), Arieh Warshel (U.S. and Israel);

2012: Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka (U.S.);

2011: Daniel Schechtman (Israel);

2010: Richard F. Heck (U.S.), Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki (Japan);

2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz (U.S.), and Ada E. Yonath (Israel);

2008: Osamu Shimomura (Japan), Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien (U.S.);

2007: Gerhard Ertl (Germany);

2006: Roger D. Kornberg (U.S.);

2005: Yves Chauvin (France), Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock (U.S.);

2004: Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko (Israel), Irwin Rose (U.S.);

2003: Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon (U.S.).