WASHINGTON, Nov. 3 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have identified genetic proteins, also known as biomarkers, capable of distinguishing changes at the microscopic level that can signal a precancerous condition in the esophagus.

    These markers may help identify patients who are likely to progress to esophageal cancer. This first of its kind study is published Monday in the journal Clinical Cancer Research.

    Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a common precancerous condition of the lower esophagus. The presence of BE increases the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the most common form of esophageal cancer.

    The progression of BE to EAC occurs in a series of steps from low-grade dysplasia (LGD) to high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Approximately half of all patients who experience HGD will progress to EAC. Currently morphological analysis of esophageal biopsies by light microscopy is considered the gold standard for identifying HGD, thereby guiding a treatment plan for these patients. Distinguishing between LGD and HGD, however, can be challenging for pathologists to detect using light microscopy alone.

    Using state-of-the-art molecular techniques, including laser capture microdissection followed by gene expression analysis, the researchers identified a number of potential biomarkers that could distinguish between LGD and HGD.

    "Identification of biomarkers capable of distinguishing the grade of Barrett's esophagus-associated dysplasia, as well as identifying patients who are most likely to progress to cancer, would be extremely valuable tools for both surgical pathologists and gastroentorologists," said lead researcher Murray Resnick from Rhode Island Hospital.

    While additional studies on a larger series of cases is required, this study provides promise for future ability to identify which patients have the potential to develop esophageal adenocarcinoma and to provide an appropriate treatment plan, said the authors.