BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- China saw a 22 percent rise in death toll caused by infectious diseases last year, with a peaking 45 percent increase in cases of HIV/AIDS, according to the annual epidemic report released by the Ministry of Health on Friday.

    More than 4.7 million cases of infectious diseases were reported, up 2.95 percent on 2006, it said. The diseases led to the deaths of 13,037 people, 2,311 more than the previous year.

    Cases of respiratory tract and blood-borne/sexually transmitted diseases rose by 3.55 and 6.96 percent, respectively, it said.

    Scarlet fever and measles were the two respiratory tract infections to have registered the sharpest increase in the number of people infected.

    The number of reported HIV/AIDS cases increased 45 percent year-on-year.

    The ministry had said last November that over 700,000 people were living with the virus, an increase from an earlier estimate of 650,000 in late 2006.

    Only 223,501 of them had been officially reported to have contracted the disease by the end of 2007.

    "The sharp increase in reported cases of HIV/AIDS doesn't mean the HIV/AIDS situation is getting worse," Gao Qi, a project manager with the China HIV/AIDS Information Network, was quoted by China Daily as saying.

    "The increase might be due to more screening tests."

    According to the health administration, 44.7 percent of the newly contracted HIV/AIDS victims in 2007 contracted the virus through heterosexual transmission, 12.2 percent through homosexual transmission, 42 percent through intravenous drug injection and 1.1 percent from mother-to-baby transmission.

    China is now working on the country's first nationwide program in a bid to control the spread of AIDS among male homosexuals, according to the health ministry.

    Studies are under way in several cities to collect information on gay men, such as their distribution and behavioral patterns, according to Wang Weizhen, deputy director of the HIV/AIDS prevention department under the ministry's disease control bureau.

    The newly issued infectious disease report also showed a sharp rise of 24 percent in syphilis cases.

    As for cholera, there were 164 cases last year, up 2.46 percent, but with no fatalities.

    The report said four human cases of bird flu were reported last year resulting in two deaths. In 2006, there were eight fatalities from the 12 cases reported.

    In general, no mass outbreaks of disease were detected last year, it said.

    But there were sporadic cases, including a dengue fever outbreak in Guangdong and Fujian provinces between August and October, measles in Sichuan province and parts of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and a hepatitis A outbreak in parts of Guizhou and Gansu provinces.